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engineers of the Boeing Company and the

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National Aeronautics and Space

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Administration are making final

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preparations to launch one of a series

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of lunar orbiters the satellites primary

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mission is to photograph landing areas

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on the moon for America's astronauts an

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atlas aegina booster will launch the

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when orbital speed and altitude are

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achieved the Atlas booster and nose

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shroud will separate and the Agena will

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fire to place itself and the lunar

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orbiter into a 100 mile high orbit

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around the earth they must travel to the

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exact point in space from which aegina

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can put the lunar orbiter on its path to

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the moon when this point is reached

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aegina fires again soon after burnout

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aegina separates and the 850-pound

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orbiter will be on its way now speeding

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through space at 25,000 miles per hour

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the vehicle will extend its two-way

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earth communication antennas and solar

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panels will open to capture and convert

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the sun's energy into electrical power

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for orbiters systems tiny attitude

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control jets located on the corners of

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the heat shield will be fired to

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position the vehicle to aim its solar

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panels toward the Sun and aim its

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tracker for a fix on its navigational

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star canovas after 15 hours of flight

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toward the moon lunar orbiter will fire

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its velocity control rocket to make a

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mid-course correction later in the

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journey as the orbiter gets closer to

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the moon the velocity control rocket

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will be fired again to slow the

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spacecraft this will serve to trap the

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spacecraft in an off-center orbit around

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the moon where it will circle from four

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to six days by tracking this orbit

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scientists on earth will obtain their

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first precise information about the

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effects of the moon's gravitational

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field on the spacecraft with this

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knowledge they will be able to lower the

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vehicles borbet to a close 28 miles for

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photography of the moon's surface

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control of the spacecraft is

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accomplished through instructions stored

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in an on-board computer Mission Control

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personnel can radio new instructions for

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storage or can bypass the computer to

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control the orbiter directly operating

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on these instruct

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the lunar orbiter will turn itself to

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aim its two camera lenses downward

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during picture-taking marbles then as it

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soars over the desired areas it will

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take a series of pictures one lens will

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cover an area of 25 square miles and

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record objects as small as a card table

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the other will make overlapping

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photographs of 440 square mile sections

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during its mission the lunar orbiter

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will take 160 pairs of pictures while

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filming 12,000 square miles an area as

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large as the combined area of

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Massachusetts and Connecticut while

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photography is in progress the camera

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will begin to automatically develop and

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store the exposed film following each

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series of exposures the orbiter will

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again aim its solar panels at the Sun

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when picture transmission takes place

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the stored images will be sent in the

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form of an electronic signal produced by

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a light scanning the stored negatives at

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Goldstone near an abandoned gold mine in

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California's Mojave Desert this 85 foot

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diameter antenna is the communication

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link with the lunar orbiter it's similar

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to two other antennas in australia and

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spain surrounding hills protected from

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random radio signals the antenna control

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team tracks the orbiter with signals the

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orbiter sent back to earth the team also

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directs the flow of signals from the

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antenna to the orbiter this equipment

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generates signals to the spacecraft the

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orbiters computer responds to the

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signals and controls the orbiter

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accordingly these men are the last human

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link between Earth and the spacecraft

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incoming photographic information from

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the orbiter is fed into this equipment

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where electronic wizardry converts the

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electronic signal to a pinpoint of light

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of varying intensity the tiny beam

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sweeps back and forth exposing a moving

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strip of 35 millimeter film when

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processed the resulting negative show

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was what the orbiter's camera saw at the

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receiving station technicians will

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process and study samples of the exposed

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negative to ensure that signals are

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coming back properly and that the

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orbiters camera is correctly set most of

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the 18 miles of film will be sent to a

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reassembly facility where the strip's

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will be developed and arranged into

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large negatives prints of these

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negatives will form the basis for lunar

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maps although direct communication with

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the lunar orbiter is via Goldstone or

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Australia or Spain the mission is

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directed from the spaceflight operations

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facility in Pasadena sitting side by

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side NASA and Boeing engineers evaluate

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and act upon information received from

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the antennas the information comes to

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the Pasadena computer center and is

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translated into a form understandable to

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engineers they use it to determine the

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lunar orbiters velocity attitude

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temperature power situation and some 50

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other conditions this automatic drawing

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machine charts the data other engineers

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keep track of the orbiters location and

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direction they plot course changes and

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calculate when and how the spacecraft

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should be maneuvered this control room

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is the nerve center of the entire

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mission the operations director and his

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assistant are in voice contact with key

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personnel at those installations

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throughout the world which gather and

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record flight information engineers here

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at Pasadena interpret the information

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and the operations directors use the

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results to make final flight decisions

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when it's photographic mission has been

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completed in about a month the lunar

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orbiter will continue to circle the moon

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providing information about micro

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meteoroids and radiation in the moon's

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vicinity this data along with the